The UK Research Councils contributed the most to expenditure on SET in 2013 at £3.6bn, 33% of all expenditure on SET.
Between 2002 and 2013, defence expenditure on SET decreased by £2.1bn in constant prices to £1.5bn. Over the same period there was an increase in Research Councils' expenditure on SET of £1bn.
The 2013 SET spending estimate consists of expenditure on research and development (r&d) of £9.8bn, indicative UK contributions to European Union (EU) r&d expenditure of £0.8bn, and the amount spent on knowledge transfer of £0.3bn.
SET expenditure covers expenditure by government departments, research councils and higher education funding councils as well as UK contributions to the EU's r&d spending.
